Pennsylvania Income Tax Calculator & Refund Estimator

Compare federal income tax after credits with federal withholding year-to-date (W-2 box 2). If withholding is greater, the difference is a potential federal refund; if it is lower, you may owe the difference when filing. State tax is settled the same way on the state return against state withholding, and FICA (Social Security and Medicare) is withheld from pay and is not refunded or owed at filing.

This estimator includes federal income tax brackets, state income tax by state, employee FICA (Social Security and Medicare), and a simplified child tax credit model. It also accounts for common pre-tax adjustments like 401(k), HSA, and IRA contributions.

AGI is modeled as gross wages plus other income minus selected pre-tax contributions and half of entered student loan interest deduction. This is a planning approximation intended for quick tax forecasting, not filing preparation.

Refund estimates are sensitive to withholding, bonuses, side income, and credits. If your income pattern changes during the year, your final federal and state tax may differ from earlier estimates even with the same filing status.

A single filer earning $50,000 of W-2 wages in Pennsylvania (2026, standard deduction, no dependents) owes about $3,820 federal income tax, $1,535 Pennsylvania state tax, and $3,825 FICA — total tax around $9,180 (effective rate 18.36%).

A single filer earning $75,000 of W-2 wages in Pennsylvania (2026, standard deduction, no dependents) owes about $7,670.10 federal income tax, $2,302.50 Pennsylvania state tax, and $5,737.50 FICA — total tax around $15,710.10 (effective rate 20.95%).

A single filer earning $100,000 of W-2 wages in Pennsylvania (2026, standard deduction, no dependents) owes about $13,170.10 federal income tax, $3,070 Pennsylvania state tax, and $7,650 FICA — total tax around $23,890.10 (effective rate 23.89%).

Pennsylvania uses a flat state income tax of 3.07% on taxable wage income for 2026. There are no income-based brackets.

Federal tax returns are due April 15 (or the next business day if that falls on a weekend or holiday). Pennsylvania state returns are generally due the same day as the federal return. Extensions of six months are available but do not delay tax payment.

Pennsylvania has reciprocal income tax agreements with Indiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia: a resident of those states working in PA pays tax only to their home state. If you live in one state and work in the other, you generally file only in your state of residence and your employer withholds for that state.

The federal standard deduction for 2026 is $16,100 for single filers and $32,200 for married filing jointly, applied before federal brackets. Pennsylvania does not provide a separate state standard deduction; specific exemptions and credits may apply instead.

Your federal refund is federal withholding (W-2 box 2) minus federal income tax after credits — if withholding is higher you get a refund; otherwise you owe the difference. Pennsylvania tax is settled separately on the state return against state withholding (W-2 box 17). FICA (Social Security and Medicare) is withheld from each paycheck and is not refunded or owed when you file. Common refund boosters: dependents (Child Tax Credit up to $2,000 each), 401(k) and HSA contributions reducing AGI, student-loan interest, and itemized deductions when they exceed the standard. Use the calculator above to model your scenario.