Medicare IRMAA Calculator
Estimate Medicare Part B and Part D surcharges (IRMAA) based on your modified adjusted gross income. Medicare uses income from 2 years prior. Higher income means higher premiums.
Example: $200K modified AGI, single
IRMAA Tier
Tier 5
Part B Monthly
$559
Total IRMAA Annual
$5,448
With $200,000 modified AGI (single), you are in IRMAA Tier 5. Part B runs $559/month (including IRMAA). Annual IRMAA surcharge: $5,448.
Source: FinCalc server-rendered example using the same formulas as the interactive calculator.
Inputs
Medicare uses your income from 2 years prior to determine IRMAA.
Results
IRMAA Tier
Tier 3
Part B Monthly
$349.40
Part B Surcharge (IRMAA)
$174.70
Part D Surcharge (IRMAA)
$33.30
Total IRMAA Monthly
$208
Total IRMAA Annual
$2,496
Standard Part B 2025: $174.70/month. Your Part B includes the IRMAA surcharge.
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How IRMAA Works
Medicare uses your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) from your tax return from two years prior. For 2025 premiums, that is 2023 income. Income above certain thresholds adds surcharges to Part B and Part D. Single thresholds are roughly half of married-filing-jointly thresholds.
You can appeal IRMAA if you had a life-changing event (work stoppage, marriage, divorce, etc.) that lowered your income. Tier brackets and surcharge amounts are updated annually by CMS.
Sources
Data and assumptions align with official publications. For verification and current figures:
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services — Medicare premiums, IRMAA tiers
- IRS — Tax brackets, rates, credits, inflation adjustments
Frequently asked questions
What is Medicare IRMAA?
IRMAA (Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount) is a surcharge added to Medicare Part B and Part D premiums when your modified AGI exceeds certain thresholds. Medicare uses income from 2 years prior. Higher income means higher Part B and Part D costs.
What income is used for IRMAA?
Medicare uses your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) from your tax return from 2 years prior. For 2025 premiums, that would be 2023 income. MAGI typically equals AGI plus tax-exempt interest. Income limits are higher for married filing jointly.
How can I reduce IRMAA?
Reduce MAGI 2 years before Medicare: max out pre-tax 401(k)/IRA, use HSA, harvest losses, time Roth conversions, or retire earlier. Once in a tier, you may appeal if you had a life-changing event (work stoppage, marriage, etc.) that lowered income.
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